Edward joins the movement

1259 – 1260 At the opening of parliament in October, a group calling itself the ‘community of the bachelors of […]

The king’s privations

1258 – 1259 At this point all eyes turned to Rome and Paris. The pope had threatened to excommunicate Henry […]

The new faith

1258 Henry’s years of misrule were seemingly at an end. The provisions adopted at Oxford were akin to an unwritten […]

Eleanor’s parliament

1254 Before leaving, Henry appointed his wife Eleanor to rule in his stead with Richard serving as her adviser. Their […]

The third Eleanor

1254 It had been Henry’s intention to come to Gascony and show that it could be ruled with peace and […]

Maker and lover of strife

1252 A humiliated and insulted Henry called his governor a “maker and lover of strife” and ordered him to observe […]

An absolute mess

1250 Henry’s policy in Gascony was an absolute mess. The province was nominally Richard’s, but now, at the queen’s insistence, […]

The king should be locked up

1242 Henry’s expedition to recover Poitou was a spectacular failure. Caught off guard by Louis’ aggressiveness at the Charente River […]

The unholy struggle

1240 Crusading was all the rage among the nobility of the 13th century. Simon returned to England alone in the […]

The king’s wrath

1239 True to character, Henry’s break with Simon was abrupt and unseemly. He waited for the occasion of the queen’s […]

Another royal wedding

1238 It was into this atmosphere of ill-will and hostility that Simon strode on another cold January day two years […]

Courtly intrigue

1231 The Leicester holdings, it turned out, generated little income to cover the debts Simon had incurred to recover them. […]

Always the Jews

1231 The expedition was a total failure. Young Henry looked splendid in his armor until dysentery took hold of him […]

Arriving in England

1230 When the middle brother died during another siege, the oldest brother Amaury had only Simon to contend with for […]

Simon and Henry

Next door to the cathedral is the Palace of Westminster with its iconic clock tower. It’s home to the houses […]