Bankrolling the papal army

1254 The other piece of business the king concluded while in Gascony had to do with Sicily. Considered a rich […]

Blood money

1255 Six months earlier Henry had sold the custody of the Jews to Richard so that he might “disembowel those […]

A boy named Hugh

1255 On 31 July a fatherless boy named Hugh disappeared in the city of Lincoln. Told he was last seen […]

All in the family

1254 Modern historians tend to side with Henry in this affair, suggesting he had every reason to believe Alfonso was […]

Eleanor’s parliament

1254 Before leaving, Henry appointed his wife Eleanor to rule in his stead with Richard serving as her adviser. Their […]

The third Eleanor

1254 It had been Henry’s intention to come to Gascony and show that it could be ruled with peace and […]

Maker and lover of strife

1252 A humiliated and insulted Henry called his governor a “maker and lover of strife” and ordered him to observe […]

An absolute mess

1250 Henry’s policy in Gascony was an absolute mess. The province was nominally Richard’s, but now, at the queen’s insistence, […]

The rights of common people

1248 Meanwhile the real warfare was in the east. The Mongols had swept through Poland and Hungary before turning south […]

The Lusignans come to England

1247 Isabella and Hugh were later embroiled in another plot against Louis, involving poison and cooks who talk a lot […]

Enter the Lusignans

1242 This time the conflict was instigated by Henry’s mother, Isabella d’Angoulême. She was just a teenager when King John […]

The king’s wrath

1239 True to character, Henry’s break with Simon was abrupt and unseemly. He waited for the occasion of the queen’s […]

Another royal wedding

1238 It was into this atmosphere of ill-will and hostility that Simon strode on another cold January day two years […]

Henry finally takes a wife

1236 The royal wedding took place on January 4, 1236. It was a lavish affair, all of it overseen by […]

The second Eleanor

1237 Eleanor of Provence was the second of the four daughters of poverty-stricken Count Ramon Berenger. Known as Eleanor La […]

The first rebellion

1234 By this time Richard, the earl of Cornwall, had also married into the Marshal clan. William’s sister Isabella was […]

Courtly intrigue

1231 The Leicester holdings, it turned out, generated little income to cover the debts Simon had incurred to recover them. […]

Always the Jews

1231 The expedition was a total failure. Young Henry looked splendid in his armor until dysentery took hold of him […]

Arriving in England

1230 When the middle brother died during another siege, the oldest brother Amaury had only Simon to contend with for […]

The simple king

1207 Stout and florid in later life, no doubt from a love of good wine, the one physical feature of […]